西洋百合“卢浮宫”的组培技术研究

以鳞片为外植体、MS为基本培养基,以不同激素成分及不同质量浓度水平下诱导西洋百合"卢浮宫"的小鳞茎状突起,进行组培试验。结果表明:"卢浮宫"百合的诱导以取其完整的鳞片为外植体、并以鳞片背部突起处紧贴于MS 6 BA2 0mg·L-1 NAA0 2mg·L-1的培养基上诱导效果为最好。"卢浮宫"百合的诱导是由外植体(鳞片)产生小鳞茎状突起而分化成苗的,并不经愈伤组织分化产生。筛选出的最佳继代增殖培养基为MS 6 BA0 7mg·L-1 IBA0 3mg·L-1,生根培养基为1 2MS 6 BA0 3mg·L-1 IBA0 7mg·L-1。移植基质选择河泥和珍珠岩(体积比7∶3)混合,成活率达98%。     

Multiscale spatial variation of the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus damage in a pine plantation forest (Landes de Gascogne,Southwestern France)

Bark beetles are notorious pests of natural and planted forests causing extensive damage. These insects depend on dead or weakened trees but can switch to healthy trees during an outbreak as mass-attacks allow the beetle to overwhelm tree defences. Climatic events like windstorms are known to favour bark beetle outbreaks because they create a large number of breeding sites, i.e., weakened trees and for this reason, windthrown timber is generally preventively harvested and removed. In December 1999, the southwest of France was struck by a devastating windstorm that felled more that 27 million m³of timber. This event offered the opportunity to study large-scale spatial pattern of trees attacked by the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus and its relationship with the spatial location of pine logs that were temporally stored in piles along stand edges during the post-storm process of fallen tree removal. The study was undertaken in a pure maritime pine forest of 1300 ha in 2001 and 2002. We developed a landscape approach based on a GIS and a complete inventory of attacked trees. During this study more than 70% of the investigated stands had at least one tree attacked by I. sexdentatus  . Spatial aggregation prevailed in stands with n≥15$n\ge 15$ attacked trees. Patches of attacked trees were identified using a kernel estimation procedure coupled with randomization tests. Attacked trees formed patches of 500–700 m² on average which displayed a clumped spatial distribution. Log piles stemming from the sanitation removals were mainly distributed along the large access roads and showed an aggregated spatial pattern as well. The spatial relationship between patches of attacked trees and log pile storage areas was analyzed by means of the Ripley’s statistic that revealed a strong association at the scale of the studied forest. Our results indicated that bark beetle attacks were facilitated in the vicinity of areas where pine logs were stored. The spatial extent of this relationship was >1000 m. Similar results were obtained in 2001 and 2002 despite differences in the number and spatial distribution of attacked trees. The presence of a strong “facilitation effect” suggests that log piles should be removed quickly in order to prevent outbreaks of bark beetles.     

Modeling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads

Cost estimation is probably the most decisive factor in the process of computer-aided, preliminary planning for low-volume road networks. However, the cost of construction is normally assumed to be route-independent for a specific project area, resulting in sub-optimal layouts. This is especially true for mountainous terrain and in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, we present a model for more accurately estimating spatial variability in road life-cycle costs, based on terrain surface properties as well as geological properties of the subsoil. This parametric model incorporates four structural components: embankment, retaining structures, pavement, and drainage and stream-crossing structures. It is linked to a geo-database that allows users to derive location-specific parameter values as input. In applying this model, we have demonstrated that variability in costs ranges widely for mountainous areas, with the most expensive construction being approximately five times greater there than on more favorable sites. This variability strongly affects the optimal layout of a road network. First, when location-specific slope gradients are considered, costs are reduced by about 17% from those calculated via currently available engineering practices; when both slope gradient and geotechnical formations are included, those costs are decreased by about 20%. Second, the length of the road network is increased by about 4% and 10% respectively, compared with current practices.     

张家沟集水区林木竞争指数空间分布的探讨

对张家沟集水区内的树木,运用Visual foxpro编写程序计算树木的竞争指数,并对树木所受到的竞争强度的平均值进行统计,根据结果分析树木竞争指数的分布格局。     

云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫自然种群空间分布型的研究

通过样方调查计算，采用聚集度指标法，测定云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫的空问分布型，建立了最适抽样数关系式，并对其进行了序贯抽样分析。结果表明：云南松毛虫越冬代幼虫种群在林内呈聚集分布，其Iwao回归方程为m*=5．2181 1．0207x^-、复相关系数R=0．9918；最适抽样株数为：N=621．81/x^- 2．07。     

武夷山风景名胜区景观空间格局研究

景观结构又称景观空间格局 ,是大小和形状不一的景观嵌块体在景观空间上的排列 (伍业钢等 ,1992 )。景观结构决定着景观功能 ,而功能的改变最终将从结构的变化中反映出来 ,因此 ,景观空间格局研究是景观生态学三大核心问题的核心 (贾宝全等 ,2 0 0 1)。景观异质性是景观最重要的属性之一 (Formanetal .,1986 ;Risseretal.,1984 ;Turner,1987) ,而景观空间格局既是景观异质性的具体体现者 ,同时又是多种生态过程在不同尺度上作用的最终结果 (贾宝全等 ,2 0 0 1)。景观空间格局及其变化和发展是自然、生物和社会要素相互作用的结果 ,影响着…     

杭州次生湿地中早园竹林的种子库特征

实验通过野外调查和萌发试验对杭州西溪湿地经济竹林的种子库特征进行研究。结果,经济竹林种子库中共出现14科26种植物,其中以十字花科、大戟科、玄参科、菊科和禾本科为主。种子库密度的垂直分布呈下降趋势。其种子库中有劣性杂草如一年蓬和蒲公英,并占有优势。竹林地10~15 cm土壤的板结和贫瘠是种子量稀少的主要原因,竹林大部分是在干扰和干旱生境下萌发的草本和灌木种子库,亦有永久种子库的贡献。     

长白山阔叶红松林林冠大气界面湍流主导时间尺度特征

使用多尺度分析方法分析了长白山阔叶红松林林冠大气界面湍流交换的主导时间尺度特征及相应的作用系数特征及大气层结和林冠结构的影响。发现:水平风速的DTS大于垂直风速的相应值,垂直风速的DCR大于水平风速的DCR。大气层结影响是非线性的。不稳定层结条件下的DTS和DCR大于稳定层结下。在强稳定层结和强不稳定层结条件下,DTS和DCR主要取决于来流特征。生长季节各高度DTS的变化规律较为复杂且不一致,非生长季节各高度具有一致的变化。不稳定层结条件下的生长季节水平风速DTS大于非生长季节;林冠结构可以显著影响主导时间尺度和主导过程贡献率。图2表1参15。     

光照对新铁炮百合鳞片籽球的形成和生长发育的影响

以新铁炮百合品种"雷山一号"为试料,用其实生一代的种球进行鳞片扦插繁殖试验.结果表明:光照条件对籽球形态建成有明显影响,在自然光条件下,鳞片形成籽球数量多,但个小,每个籽球平均产生叶片2～3枚,在黑暗条件下,形成籽球数量少,但个大,且极少产生叶片;不同层次鳞片扦插产生籽球的数量不同.各层鳞片产生的籽球按从多到少的顺序依次为:外层鳞片>中层鳞片>内层鳞片.     

基于GIS的森林资源遥感调查方法研究

在试验研究的基础上 ,提出了在GIS支持下的遥感数据预处理 样地调查 前期调查信息叠合 -图象判读 -调查因子估测的技术路线 ,充分利用前期调查图面信息、小班属性数据信息进行遥感图象判读和小班调查因子估测的技术方法 ,有效地提高了判读的正判率和调查因子的估计精度 ,并产出了 1∶1万小班基本图 ,提高了调查成果的实用性